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Verbs with more than one irregularity
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Some verbs are also irregular in the 2nd person singular. These verbs also retain the irregularities of the present indicative or present subjunctive:
Infinitive: decir | Person | Positive Imperative | Negative Imperativ |
Present: digo | Tú | dí | no digas |
Usted | diga | no diga | |
Nosotros/-as | digamos | no digamos | |
Vosotros/-as | decid | no digáis | |
Ustedes | digan | no digan |
Infinitive: hacer | Person | Positive Imperative | Negative Imperative |
Präsens: hago | Tú | haz | no hagas |
Usted | haga | no haga | |
Nosotros/-as | hagamos | no hagamos | |
Vosotros/-as | haced | no hagáis | |
Ustedes | hagan | no hagan |
Infinitive: poner | Person | Positive Imperativ | Negative Imperative |
Present: pongo | Tú | pon | no pongas |
Usted | ponga | no ponga | |
Nosotros/-as | pongamos | no pongamos | |
Vosotros/-as | poned | no pongáis | |
Ustedes | pongan | no pongan |
The verbs salir (salgo), tener (tengo) and venir (vengo) are similarly formed. Simply expressed, in the 2nd person singular the verb stem stands alone (sal, ten, ven). In the 2nd person plural the -r at the end of the word is replaced by a -d (salid, tenid, venid). In all other forms the corresponding endings are appended to the stem of the 1st person singular present (salg-, teng-, veng-).
With some verbs, however, the imperative cannot be derived from the 1st person singular present.
Subsequent verbs are consistently irregular in the imperative:
Infinitive: dar | Person | Positive Imperative | Negative Imperative |
dar | Tú | da | no des |
Usted | dé | no dé | |
Nosotros/-as | demos | no demos | |
Vosotros/-as | dad | no déis | |
Ustedes | den | no den |
Infinitive: ir | Person | Positive Imperativ | Negative Imperativ |
ir | Tú | ve | no vayas |
Usted | vaya | no vaya | |
Nosotros/-as | vayamos | no vayamos | |
Vosotros/-as | id | no vayáis | |
Ustedes | vayan | no vayan | |
Infinitive: oír | Person | Positive Imperative | Negative Imperative |
oír | Tú | oye | no oigas |
Usted | oiga | no oiga | |
Nosotros/-as | oigamos | no oigamos | |
Vosotros/-as | oíd | no oigáis | |
Ustedes | oigan | no oigan |
Infinitive: ser | Person | Positive Imperative | Negative Imperative |
ser | Tú | sé | no seas |
Usted | sea | no sea | |
Nosotros/-as | seamos | no seamos | |
Vosotros/-as | sed | no seáis | |
Ustedes | sean | no sean |
Change of spelling
Some verbs with the suffixes -car, -cer, -gar, -gir and -zar have in the affirmed imperative orographic changes. However, the 2nd person singular (tú) and the 2nd person plural (vosotros/-as) are mostly regular. This group of irregular verbs is relatively small:
-car | -cer | -gar | -gir | -zar | |
Infinitive | marcar | convencer | cargar | elegir | empezar |
Tú | marca | convence | carga | elije | empieza |
Usted | marque | convenza | cargue | elija | empiece |
Nosotros/-as | marquemos | convenzamos | carguemos | elijamos | empecemos |
Vosotros/-as | marcad | convenced | cargad | elegid | empezad |
Ustedes | marquen | convenzan | carguen | elijan | empiecen |
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